Acceleration Due To Gravity (g)

All objects are attracted towards the earth by a force which is called The force of gravity.
This force produces an acceleration which is called acceleration due to gravity and is denoted by 'g'.
The value of 'g' on the surface of the earth is 9.8m/s^2.
'g' is an extremely important constituent of Physics and most of the Physics numerical problems involve the usage of 'g'.

Effect of The Shape of Earth on 'g'

1)Earth isn't a proper sphere, it's a geoid ( flattened at the poles )
2) g = GM/Re^2

The radius of the earth is lesser at the poles than the equator
Therefore, the value of 'g' will be more at the poles, ( according to calculations, by 0.018m/s^2, it will be more )

Variation In 'g'

We take the magnitude of 'g as 9.8 in general, but the value of 'g' varies:-

1) IF THE OBJECT IS ABOVE THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH,

g(at h) = g(1+2h/Re)

2) IF THE OBJECT IS BELOW THE SURFACE OF EARTH ( AT DEPTH )

g(at d) = g(1+d/Re)

As a final note, we also have to remember that 'g varies at different celestial bodies as well

EG :- 'g' on the earth = 9.8m/s^2
'g' on the moon = 1.64m/s^2

- Aryan Awasthi

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